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Analysis of drugs in the earthworms using the QuEChERS method
Navrkalová, Jitka ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
The content of this Bachelor‘s thesis is an analysis of pharmaceuticals in earthworms using the QuECHERS method followed by the LC-MS/MS analysis. The theoretical part focuses on the specific groups of used drugs, their properties and applications. Furthermore, it focuses on the occurrence of drugs in the environment from their input to the negative consequences including the impact on earthworms. The theoretical part also discusses the QuEChERS method and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. At first in the experimental part, the QuEChERS method (concretely parameters like organic solvent, aqueous phase composition, amount of EDTA, purification method) was optimized for the extraction of 31 drugs from earthworms analytically completed by LC MS/MS. This optimized and validated method is subsequently applied to the extraction of drugs from earthworms from the performed experiments. The experiments focus on the effect of drug concentration in soil and the presence of biochar on the uptake of different drugs by earthworms.
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Vermicomposter as Teaching Aid in Environmental Education
Panský, Martin ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Jančaříková, Kateřina (referee)
In my bachelor thesis, I deal with a phenomenon which, in recent years, has become known among the general public - vermicomposting. This thesis is oriented to didactic application. It is aimed at verifying the possibility of creating and operating a vermicomposts at school environment and examining the possibilities of its usage in teaching to fulfil the objectives of Environmental Education. The main goal was to find out whether the vermicompost can serve as a full-fledged teaching aid both frontal education and project method of teaching. I have prepared several illustrative projects for this method. The location and operation of vermicomposts at school environment raises a number of other aspects that I have also mentioned. The course of the project implementation and usage of vermicomposts in the classroom is devoted to the practical part of my work. In the theoretical part, I try to approach the areas of dealing with the topic of biodegradable waste, the phenomenon of composting (with the emphasis on vermicomposting), Environmental Education and the status of learning aids and teaching methods. The realization of the project Vermicomposting at school was allowed at the place of my work - Santoška Primary School Prague 5. Lessons of Handicrafts, Biology and Chemistry were suitable for it....
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The effect of earthworms on plant communities
Čápová, Kateřina ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis provides a literature review, which mainly deals with the distinction of short-term and long-term effect of earthworms on the soil. The work describes the whole process of succession, succession on dump, the research part is carried out on land from dumps. The influence of plants on soil and the influence of soil on plants are described. As well as the effects of biota on soil and soil on biota. In particular, the effect of earthworms on the area and the distinction between short-term and long-term earthworm effects are described. The research part deals with the distinction between short-term and long-term effects of earthworms on the soil and plant growth. Above all, a detailed analysis of the soil on which the pot experiment took place. Aboveground and underground biomass and growth of early and late successive plant species were examined, as well as soil pH, conductivity, microbial respiration, PLFA, ergosterol, determination of NO3-, P, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and C: N ratio. Thanks to these analyzes, we can better distinguish our investigative issue. The results of my work showed a significant effect of both the immediate presence of earthworms and long-term presence on plant growth and microbial activity. These interactions have been shown to have a complicated pattern during...
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Vermicomposter as Teaching Aid in Environmental Education
Panský, Martin ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Jančaříková, Kateřina (referee)
In my bachelor thesis, I deal with a phenomenon which, in recent years, has become known among the general public - vermicomposting. This thesis is oriented to didactic application. It is aimed at verifying the possibility of creating and operating a vermicomposts at school environment and examining the possibilities of its usage in teaching to fulfil the objectives of Environmental Education. The main goal was to find out whether the vermicompost can serve as a full-fledged teaching aid both frontal education and project method of teaching. I have prepared several illustrative projects for this method. The location and operation of vermicomposts at school environment raises a number of other aspects that I have also mentioned. The course of the project implementation and usage of vermicomposts in the classroom is devoted to the practical part of my work. In the theoretical part, I try to approach the areas of dealing with the topic of biodegradable waste, the phenomenon of composting (with the emphasis on vermicomposting), Environmental Education and the status of learning aids and teaching methods. The realization of the project Vermicomposting at school was allowed at the place of my work - Santoška Primary School Prague 5. Lessons of Handicrafts, Biology and Chemistry were suitable for it....
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Using of soil microstructure in study of soil fauna bioturbation in post mining sites
Suchá, Linda ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Tajovský, Karel (referee)
The paper follows up on previous analyses of changes in soil microstructure in the process of soil development on dumps around Sokolov, Czech Republic, using the soil thin section method. The distribution of structures in the topsoil of the profile was studied in two chronosequences, one overgrown with spontaneous vegetation and one reclaimed by alder planting. A comparison with historical data obtained at these locations 10 years ago was used, and, therefore, the same methods were also applied (Frouz et al., 2007b). The most distinct trend in the process of soil development over time, as observed through both a comparison of soil thin sections from various areas of chronosequence and changes in particular sites over time, is a gradual reduction of purely mineral structures and their replacement by organic matter - litter and its fragments, faecal pellets of arthropods, earthworms coprolites, and roots. This is illustrative of a high share of biogenic structures and a fundamental contribution of organisms to forming topsoil, a fact also pointed out by other authors. Keywords: Soil macrofauna; Soil microstructure; Soil thin section; Reclamation; Post-mining sites; Soil development; Earthworms
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Effect of substrate on the production of earthworms Dendrobena veneta
SCHMIDTMAJEROVÁ, Eva
The importance of biological processes for processing of organic wastes is widely acknowledged. My thesis focuses on one of the most efficient methods for conversion of organic wastes into precious products, which are at the same time environmentally friendly. Vermicomposting includes complex food webs and simultaneously modifies various chemical forms of basic nutrients into inorganic compounds, useful for plant nutrition. The thesis briefly describes biology, distribution and basic ecological categories of earthworms and shows their importance in decomposition organic wastes. I describe here the main earthworm species and then concentrate on Dendrobaena veneta. I then compare 5 substrates from the point of view of their suitability for production of this earthworm species and of the suitability of the resulting substrate as fertilizer. I have found that the best substrate for production of Dendrobaena veneta was the output of a sewarage plant and pure celulose.
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Plant-soil interactions in succession on post-mining sites
MUDRÁK, Ondřej
Field observation and manipulative experiments were carried out to describe and test important processes affecting the plant succession on Sokolov post-mining sites. Examined was mainly effect of dominant tree species (which are planted or spontaneously established) on understory plants, litter decomposability and effect of earthworms (Lumbricidae) on late successional plant species.
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Earthworm assemblages on afforested colliery spoil heaps as affected by tree species
Pižl, Václav
Earthworm assemblages were analysed at twenty-eight colliery spoil heap sites of similar age located in the Sokolov open-cast coal mining district, north-western Bohemia, Czech Republic. Sites afforested with different tree species, namely spruce, pine, larch, oak, lime, and alder, were selected for the study in four replicates each, and compared with un-reclaimed sites covered with spontaneously developed vegetation. No difference was found in the density of earthworms between un-reclaimed sites and coniferous stands, however, a significant effect of tree species on worm density was observed at sites with deciduous afforestation. Dense earthworm populations developed in alder and lime plantations, while worm density was significantly lower under oak. Similarly, earthworm biomass at sites with coniferous afforestation did not differ from that of un-reclaimed heaps and was significantly lower than those at sites with deciduous afforestation.
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